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SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the association between the immunohistochemical expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 and plasma zinc in women with fibroadenoma. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 37 premenopausal women with fibroadenoma. Waist circumference and body mass index of the participants were measured. Plasma zinc concentrations were determined using atomic flame absorption spectrophotometry. Fragments of breast tissue were fixed and incubated with primary mouse monoclonal antibodies (monoclonal antibodies matrix metalloproteinase -2 -507 and monoclonal antibodies matrix metalloproteinase -9-439). Semi-quantitative analysis of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 immunoreactivity was performed. Spearman's test and Friedman's test were used for statistical analyses. The p<0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The average age of the participants was 32.81±9.51 years. The body mass index and waist circumference values were within the normal range. The mean plasma zinc concentration was 42.73±13.84 µg/dL, with 94.6% inadequacy. A statistically significant difference was found between the positive expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (p=0.0184). There was no significant correlation between the matrix metalloproteinase expression and the plasma zinc levels. CONCLUSIONS: Women with fibroadenoma had hypozincemia and positive expression of metalloproteinases.
Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Mice , Fibroadenoma , Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 , Zinc , Cross-Sectional Studies , Matrix Metalloproteinase 9ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT: Dairy desserts containing Caesalpinia pulcherrima seed galactomannan were evaluated to determine their static and dynamic rheological behaviors. Variations in consistency index (k), flow behavior (n), yield stress and thixotropy of the desserts indicated that the galactomannan caused an increase in the shear stress and apparent viscosity of the system. All samples exhibited shear-thinning behavior with flow behavior index values (n) between 0.06 and 0.37. Dynamic rheological behavior was evaluated for MD (high solid levels) and MD/2 (half the amount of solids) groups, and both G' and G'' moduli were depended on the frequency. The MD and MD/2 groups showed variations in the elastic modulus (G') throughout the temperature range (mainly at 50 °C), showing greater sensitivity at high temperatures. C. pulcherrima galactomannan was able to promote synergism with starch, milk protein and sucrose and to improve the development of stronger and more resistant gels.
RESUMO: Sobremesas lácteas contendo galactomanana de semente de Caesalpinia pulcherrima tiveram suas propriedades reológicas estáticas e dinâmicas avaliadas. As variações nos índices de consistência (K) e comportamento de fluxo (n), assim como na tensão inicial de fluxo e na tixotropia das sobremesas mostraram o efeito da galactomanana sobre a tensão de cisalhamento e viscosidade aparente dos sistemas lácteos. Todas as sobremesas exibiram comportamento pseudoplástico, com índices de comportamento de fluxo (n) variando entre 0,06 e 0,37. A reologia dinâmica dos grupos MD (alto teor de sólidos) e MD/2 (metade do teor de sólidos), mostrou G' > G'' e módulos dependentes da frequência e da temperatura. Alterações químicas nos componentes das sobremesas foram observadas a 50° C em virtude da maior sensibilidade dos valores de G' e G" a partir dessa temperatura. A galactomanana de C. pulcherrima contribuiu para o desenvolvimento de géis mais fortes e resistentes nas sobremesas lácteas, bem como mostrou sinergismo com amido, proteína do leite e sacarose.
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OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the relationship between rs17576 (MMP-9) polymorphism and increased cancer risk in a Brazilian breast cancer cohort. METHODS: This study included 141 women (71 breast cancer patients and 70 controls without breast cancer) who donated 3 mL of their peripheral blood for genomic DNA extraction. This DNA was then genotyped using a real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: The AG (rs17576) genotype was identified in 26 (18.43%) participants in the case group and in 22 (15.60%) participants in the control group (p=0.274), while the GG genotype was identified in ten (7.09%) participants in the case group and in one (0.70%) participant in the control group (p<0.003 - OR (95% CI) 13.13 (1.73, 593.08). No significant difference in the incidence rates was observed for AG or GG rs17576 genotypes in premenopausal women, p=0.813 and p=0.556, respectively. However, in postmenopausal women, the AG genotype was shown to occur in 14 (22.5%) participants in the case group and in 4 (6.45%) participants in the control (p<0.043), while GG genotype occurred in eight (12.90%) of the individuals in the case group and in none of the individuals in the control group (p<0.006). CONCLUSION: In this study, the MMP-9 rs17576 GG polymorphic variant was shown to be significantly associated with breast cancer risk in premenopausal women, while the AG and GG genotypes were associated with increased cancer risk in postmenopausal women.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Breast Neoplasms/genetics , Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/genetics , Brazil , Case-Control Studies , Risk Factors , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , GenotypeABSTRACT
MMP-9 expression may be induced at the transcriptional level in response to different agents. Due to its fundamental role in cancer progression, the control of MMP expression, especially MMP-9, is the possible target of future adjuvant therapies that seek to reduce metastases and angiogenesis in women with breast cancer. Therefore, the aim of this study was to search in the literature available evidences of extracts/or natural compounds that have potential therapeutic capacity to inhibit MMP-9 expression. Extracts and/or natural compounds identified in this review play a significant role in the inhibition of MMP-9 expression via NF-kβ, and may act on the prevention of metastases from primary breast tumors. The majority of the studies found have shown that natural products are capable of suppressing migration and invasion of breast cancer cells, thus inhibiting the formation of in vitro metastases. Further studies are warranted to understand the potential mechanisms of breast cancer metastasis from signaling cascades intrinsic to the tumor. Moreover, the NF-kβ, followed by Mitogen Activated Protein Kinases / Activator protein 1 (MAPK / AP-1) were the major pathways affected by the extracts and / or compounds studied. These pathways are directly linked to MMP-9 expression.
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The aim of this study was to review and summarize the data from the literature regarding the effects ofpre- and postoperative immunonutrition in the outcome of cancer patients. The review was conductedthrough literature searches in databases such as Medline/Pubmed, Scielo and Lilacs, from July toSeptember 2014, for articles investigating the effects of immunonutrition related to nutritional recoveryand pre- and post-operative procedures in cancer patients. We found 32 articles, 27 of which met theinclusion criteria, including review articles, case-control studies, epidemiological studies and crosssectionalstudies. From this literature review it was possible to see the benefits of using preoperativeimmunomodulating diet in cancer patients undergoing major abdominal surgery, including reduction ofseptic and inflammatory complications during postoperative period and hence the hospital length of stay.Thus, the use of immunonutrition has been shown to be capable to reverse organic and immunologicalchanges caused by both malnutrition and the tumor itself in cancer patients.
O objetivou deste trabalho foi revisar, de forma sucinta e objetiva, as evidências disponíveis nos bancos de dados digitais, sobre os efeitos da imunonutrição para a resposta ao tratamento de pacientes com câncer em pré e pós-operatório. Foi realizada uma revisão de literatura, por meio de buscas bibliográficas nos bancos de dados informatizados Medline/Pubmed, Scielo e Lilacs, no período de julho a setembro de 2014, de artigos que investigaram os efeitos da imunonutrição na recuperação do estado nutricional e em procedimentos pré e pós-operatório de pacientes com câncer. Foram encontrados 32 artigos, dos quais 27 atenderam aos critérios de inclusão do estudo, compreendendo artigos de revisão, caso-controle,epidemiológicos e transversais. A partir desta revisão de literatura foi possível verificar o benefício do uso da dieta imunomoduladora em pacientes oncológicos submetidos ao tratamento no pré-operatório de cirurgias de grande porte abdominal, diminuindo complicações sépticas e inflamatórias no período pós operatório e consequentemente o tempo de internação hospitalar. Dessa forma, o uso da imunonutrição mostra-se com capacidade de reverter alterações orgânicas e imunológicas causadas tanto pela desnutrição como pelo próprio tumor em pacientes com câncer.